o di immortales! ubinam gentium sumus? quam rem publicam habemus?
in qua urbe uiuimus? hic, hic sunt nostro in numero, patres conscripti, in
hoc orbis terrae sanctissimo grauissimoque consilio, qui de nostro
omnium interitu, qui de huius urbis atque adeo de orbis terrarum exitio
cogitent! hos ego uideo consul et de re publica sententiam rogo et quos
ferro trucidari oportebat eos nondum uoce uulnero! fuisti igitur apud
Laecam illa nocte, Catilina, distribuisti partes Italiae, statuisti quo
quemque proficisci placeret, delegisti quos Romae relinqueres, quos
tecum educeres, discripsisti urbis partes ad incendia, confirmasti te ipsum
iam esse exiturum, dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego
uiuerem. reperti sunt duo equites Romani, qui te ista cura liberarent et se
illa ipsa nocte paulo ante lucem me in meo lectulo interfecturos esse
pollicerentur. [9-10]

Explain how Cicero uses THREE language techniques in this extract to
appeal to his audience. (5 marks)

tips~! uwu

  1. don't bury the lead. aka put the technique first up
  2. if the q says "THREE", make it really clear what the 3 ways are. e.g. use dotpoints
  3. quote important words. make the words you quote align with your analysis. that your claims are founded in the evidence that you give
  4. one thing they look for in higher grade responses is granularity, e.g. "tricolon of cicero's targets" is better than just "tricolon"
  5. "outline" questions don't need a quote

examples for answering the questions

  1. Cicero uses a string of 2nd person verbs (fuisti… dixisti) to show that he is aware of Catiline's plans to murder him and overthrow the government to prove to his audience in the Senate that his claims are well founded. 
  2. In "qui … cogitent" Cicero, uses a tricolon of Catiline's targets (nostro … urbis … orbis terrarum) to demonstrate to the Senate the destructive nature of Catiline's people to highlight how they don't belong in Rome. 
  3. Cicero uses a tricolon of rhetorical questions ("ubinam … quam … qua"/" sumus? … habemus? … vivimus?") to emphasise his exasperation and disbelief about the disgraceful situation of allowing such a treasonous individual like Catiline to exist in Rome without prosecution. 
  4. Cicero uses hyperbole with the superlative adjectives'sanctissimo gravissimoque' to emphasise how important the senate is and thus Catilina and his followers have degraded and disrespected it by being present in the senate.
  5. Cicero uses the repetition of 'hic … hic … hoc … hos' to emphasise the immediate presence/close proximty of the  decay of morality within the republic to capture the senate's attention, driving them to consider the causes of such decay, namely Catiline's treachery.

Diligentia question

  1. up to date on Cataline's plans
  2. thwarted the assassination attempt
  3. he is giving the speech to senate to raise awareness

Homework:

  • c) i, ii
  • f) i (worth 5 marks)

C 1
Cicero strengthened the protection around his house in response to Catiline's attempts to murder him. During the salutatio, he didn't let anyone in because he knew that Catiline has sent murderers.

two key points for two marks:

  1. catiline attempts to murder cicero by sending men
  2. cicero thwarts catiline's plans by strenghtening the home

C 2

  1. Cicero uses the ablative absolute "coetu vestro dimisso" to show that he is quickly updated on Catiline's plans, thus presenting himself as powerful
  2. Cicero uses the superlative/hyperbole "summis" to describe the men that he announced Catiline's plans to ("multis ac summis viris"). this shows that he has connections with the greatest people, and even that the greatest people are willing to protect him.
  3. Cicero uses the adverb "aliquando" to show his flippant attitude towards Catiline leaving the city. Catiline can leave "whenever", which means that he is insignificant, which shows Cicero's power in comparison.
  4. Cicero uses imperatives (perge, purga) while addressing Catiline to show how he has authority and power over Catiline
  5. Cicero uses a series of direct commands (perge ... egredere ... proficiscere ... educ ... purga) which strips away any sense of debate and presents Catiline's excile not as a choice ut as an unavoidable command from a superior authority
  6. Cicero uses the hyperbolic word choice of vixdum to reveal how he had known about the plot even during the meeting, revealing his his extensive access to information to foil Catiline's plans and demonstrate his power over the conspiracy
  7. tricolon of negative future tense verbs "non feram ... patiar .. sinam", Cicero emphasises his intolerance of the conspiracy and his powerful unwavering resolve.

F 1

  1. tricolon of negative future tense verbs "non feram ... patiar .. sinam", Cicero emphasises his intolerance of the conspiracy and his powerful unwavering resolve.
  2. Cicero uses imperatives (perge, purga) while addressing Catiline to show how he has authority and power over Catiline
  3. Cicero uses a series of direct commands (perge ... egredere ... proficiscere ... educ ... purga) which strips away any sense of debate and presents Catiline's excile not as a choice ut as an unavoidable command from a superior authority
    4.[;'=-/.